Table 3 Mesenchymal Cells to Restore Ovarian Function

Lai et al., 2015 [67]

Mouse ovaries were damaged by treatment with busulfan and cyclophosphamide. Human endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (EnSCs) were transplanted via tail vein. EnSCs transplantation increased body weight and improved estrous cyclicity as well as restored fertility. Reduced loss of germ stem cells pool. Live pups were born in the transplanted group.

Zhu et al., 2015 [68]

Human cord blood MSCs injected in cyclophosphamide treated rats resumed pregnancy. Direct injection into the ovary was better than tail vein injection. It led to resumption of estrus cycles, normal levels of sex hormones, restoration of fertility and normal offspring were born

Liu et al., 2014 [69]

Human Menstrual blood stem cells were injected into a cyclophosphamide-induced mouse model of POF. The transplanted cells survived in mouse ovaries for at least 14 days in vivo and the transplanted ovaries expressed higher levels of ovarian markers [AMH, inhibin α/β, and follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR)], and the proliferative marker Ki67]. Ovarian weight, plasma E2 level, and number of normal follicles increased over time in the HuMenSC group compared with the control group.

Further, microarray analysis of cDNA expression patterns revealed that, after HuMenSC transplantation, the gene mRNA expression patterns in the ovarian cells following stimulation of the host ovarian niche became increasingly similar to those observed in human ovarian tissue compared with the pretransplantation mRNA expression pattern in HuMenSCs.

Terraciano et al., 2014 [70]

Female mice were treated with cisplatin to induce ovarian failure. Later GFP tagged ADSCs, FGSCs, or ovary cell suspension was transplanted in the ovary. This resulted in increased numbers of follicles and improved ovarian function.

Kilic et al., 2014 [71]

Female rats were treated with cyclophosphamide to induce ovarian failure. Bone marrow MSCs were transplanted along with cyclophosphamide to one group. Number of follicles were higher in the MSCs transplanted group.

Abd-Allah et al., 2013 [72]

Rabbits were treated with cyclophosphamide to induce ovarian damage. MSCs from male rabbit were transplanted through intravenous route. Increased follicle numbers with apparent normal structure of ovarian follicles were observed in the MSC recipient group

Guo et al. 2013 [73]

Bone marrow derived mesenchymal cells reduced rat granulosa cell apoptosis induced by cisplatin and age

Ghadami et al., 2012 [74]

Bone marrow transplantation restored follicular maturation and steroid hormones production in a FORKO mouse model for primary ovarian failure. 24 h after transplantation, treated mice showed changes in vaginal smears and significant increase in both maturation and total number of follicles in treated animals. FSH dropped to 40–50 % and estrogen increased 4–5.5 times in the serum of treated animals compared to controls.

Fu et al., 2008 [75]

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transplantation improved function of chemoablated rat ovaries. MSC released factors like VEGF, HGF and IGF-1 in vitro.