|
Variables
|
Placebo group (n = 30)
|
Probiotic plus selenium group (n = 30)
|
Difference in outcome measures between probiotic plus selenium and placebo groupsa
|
|---|
|
Baseline
|
Week 12
|
Baseline
|
Week 12
|
β (95% CI)
|
Pb
|
|---|
|
BDI total scores
|
15.6 ± 4.4
|
15.3 ± 4.7
|
15.5 ± 4.0
|
14.4 ± 3.7
|
−0.76 (−1.26, − 0.26)
|
0.003
|
|
GHQ scores
|
45.4 ± 8.1
|
44.6 ± 8.2
|
44.2 ± 7.3
|
42.4 ± 6.7
|
−1.15 (− 1.97, −0.32)
|
0.007
|
|
DASS scores
|
86.3 ± 13.1
|
85.1 ± 12.9
|
85.1 ± 11.2
|
82.5 ± 10.9
|
−1.49 (−2.59, −0.39)
|
0.009
|
|
Total testosterone (ng/mL)
|
1.3 ± 0.5
|
1.3 ± 0.4
|
1.4 ± 0.7
|
1.1 ± 0.6
|
−0.26 (− 0.51, − 0.02)
|
0.03
|
|
SHBG (nmol/L)
|
40.3 ± 17.5
|
40.4 ± 18.3
|
47.1 ± 19.7
|
49.5 ± 22.1
|
1.82 (−1.77, 5.42)
|
0.31
|
|
mF-G scores
|
13.0 ± 3.7
|
13.0 ± 3.6
|
14.5 ± 3.2
|
14.0 ± 2.9
|
−0.43 (−0.74, − 0.11)
|
0.008
|
|
hs-CRP (mg/L)
|
2.5 ± 1.6
|
2.7 ± 1.5
|
2.4 ± 1.5
|
2.0 ± 1.5
|
−0.58 (− 0.97, − 0.19)
|
0.004
|
|
NO (μmol/L)
|
36.5 ± 3.8
|
36.8 ± 4.0
|
36.6 ± 2.3
|
37.8 ± 3.5
|
0.94 (−0.65, 2.54)
|
0.24
|
|
TAC (mmol/L)
|
909.9 ± 110.8
|
909.4 ± 122.7
|
933.3 ± 59.8
|
1012.9 ± 69.4
|
84.76 (48.08, 121.44)
|
< 0.001
|
|
GSH (μmol/L)
|
496.4 ± 88.1
|
497.8 ± 88.3
|
528.3 ± 88.3
|
552.9 ± 83.1
|
26.78 (4.33, 49.23)
|
0.02
|
|
MDA (μmol/L)
|
2.4 ± 0.5
|
2.6 ± 0.7
|
2.8 ± 0.2
|
2.5 ± 0.2
|
−0.29 (−0.56, −0.02)
|
0.03
|
- Data are mean ± SDs
- a“Outcome measures” refers to the change in values of measures of interest between baseline and week 12. β [difference in the mean outcomes measures between treatment groups (probiotic plus selenium group = 1 and placebo group = 0)]
- bObtained from multiple regression model (adjusted for baseline values of each biochemical variables, age and baseline BMI)
- BDI beck depression inventory, DASS depression anxiety and stress scale, GHQ general health questionnaire, GSH total glutathione, hs-CRP high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, mF-G modified Ferriman Gallwey, MDA malondialdehyde, NO nitric oxide, SHBG sex hormone-binding globulin, TAC total antioxidant capacity
