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Table 2 Signaling pathways and targeted therapy substance

From: Ovarian cancer stem cells and targeted therapy

Targeted Pathway/s

Substance

Cancer/s type

Result/s

Clinical state

WNT

PRI-724

colon cancer

apoptosis induction

Experimental

WNT

LGK974

breast cancer, melanoma, pancreas cancer

determine the maximum tolerated dose and/or recommended dose for expansion, characterize the safety and tolerability, and assess preliminary antitumor activity

Phase 1

WNT

Ipafricept

Pancreas, ovarian cancers

determination of dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs)

Phase 1a/1b

SHH

Cyclopamine

ovarian cell lines, EX2, TOV112D, OV90, SKOV3

decreased spheroid formation

Experimental

SHH

Vismodegib

Basal tumor

Prevent metastatic cells

phase 1

SHH

Sonidegib

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Prevent metastasis

FDA Approved

SHH, PTCH

5E1 antibody

motor neuron

SMO inhibitors

Experimental

SHH

GDC-0449

ovarian cancer

SMO inhibitors

phase 2

NOTCH

Ƴ-secretase inhibitor, Cisplatin

ovarian cancer

increased chemo-sensitivity and decreased CSCs numbers

Experimental

NOTCH

Anti Jagged1

Taxane-resistant cell line

Docetaxel sensitivity and decreased tumor weight

Experimental

NOTCH

cediranib maleate

breast cancer, malignant melanoma, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, kidney cancer, high grade glioma, non-small-cell lung cancer, and ovarian cancer

determine the tolerability, maximum tolerated dose and safety profile of RO4929097

phase 1

NOTCH

Ƴ-secretase inhibitor RO4929097

metastatic melanoma

Increased progression-free survival and 1-year overall survival rate

phase 1

NOTCH

Ƴ-secretase inhibitor of LY900009

ovarian cancer

inhibited plasma levels of amyloid-β peptide and inhibition of progression

phase 1

NOTCH

monoclonal antibodies against DLL4

ovarian tumors

increased apoptosis in tumor cells and reduced tumor weights

Experimental

NOTCH

Enoticumab

ovarian tumors

determine the safety, dose-limiting toxicities (DLT), pharmacokinetics (PK), and recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of enoticumab

Experimental

NOTCH

Demcizumab

ovarian tumors

increased apoptosis in tumor cells

Experimental

MAPK

Salinomycin

Ovarian cancer

decreased chemo-resistance

Experimental

MAPK

Salinomycin

OVCAR-3

decrease the CSCs

Experimental

EpCAM

Catumaxomab

ovarian malignant ascites patients

Decreases malignancy

phase III