Neoadjuvant metformin added to conventional chemotherapy synergizes anti-proliferative effects in ovarian cancer

Table 1 The clinical characteristics of the study population

Characteristic	No metformin use n = 705 (96%)	Metformin use n = 32 (4%)	p value
Diabetes rate^%	19 (2.7%)	32 (100%)	< 0.001 ***
Stage^a%
Early (I ~ II)	339 (51.1%)	16 (59.3%)	0.3168
Late (III ~ IV)	324 (48.9%)	11 (40.7)
Histology^b%
Epithelial	542 (81.1)	24 (77.4)	0.5958
Other types^c	126 (18.9)	7 (22.6)
CA-125^d#	1250 ± 273	767 ± 565	0.4109
Death rate^%	239 (33.9%)	5 (15.6%)	0.0045 **
Overall survival^e§	57.3 ± 4.2	69.7 ± 22.5	0.0338 *

^aFIGO stage: International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics, surgical staging of ovarian cancer; missing value not included in statistical test
^bMissing value not included in statistical test
^cincluding primary peritoneal serous carcinoma (PPSC)
^dbefore surgery, mean ± s.d. (U/ml)
^eoverall survival months, mean ± s.d.
^%calculated by Chi-square test
^#calculated by Student’s t-test
^§calculated by Kaplan-Meier Log-Rank test

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