Table 1 The function of proteins expressed differentially between PMExos and HOExos
Gene name of proteins | The expression level in PMExos | Fold change | Function |
|---|---|---|---|
ATP1A1 | High | 2.394 | This is the catalytic component of the active enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane. This action creates the electrochemical gradient of sodium and potassium ions, providing the energy for active transport of various nutrients [25, 49]. |
TUBB | High | 3.368 | Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain [15, 35, 43]. |
EEF2 | High | 21.891 | Catalyzes the GTP-dependent ribosomal translocation step during translation elongation [18, 19]. |
CD44 | High | 1.877 | Cell-surface receptor that plays a role in cell-cell interactions, cell adhesion and migration, helping them to sense and respond to changes in the tissue microenvironment [29, 31, 38, 45]. |
RAB6B | High | 2.939 | have a role in retrograde membrane traffic at the level of the Golgi complex and retrograde transport in neuronal cells [13, 44]. |
MSN | High | 1.506 | Ezrin-radixin-moesin family protein that connects the actin cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane and thereby regulates the structure and function of specific domains of the cell cortex [14, 22]. |
RAN | High | 2.893 | GTPase involved in nucleocytoplasmic transport, participating both to the import and the export from the nucleus of proteins and RNAs [34]. |
ACTG | High | 1.147 | Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and in maintenance of the cytoskeleton [8]. |
H2BFC | Low | 0.267 | |
H2AFV | Low | 0.208 | Variant histone H2A which replaces conventional H2A in a subset of nucleosomes [10, 40]. |
NID1 | Low | 0.615 | Sulfated glycoprotein widely distributed in basement membranes and tightly associated with laminin. Also binds to collagen IV and perlecan. It probably has a role in cell-extracellular matrix interactions [4, 12, 50]. |
CLTC | Low | 0.879 | Clathrin is the major protein of the polyhedral coat of coated pits and vesicles [16]. |