Fig. 1

a MAPK11 protein association network acquired by StringDB; b MAPK signalling pathways showing the initiation of JNK and p38 following external stimulation from UV and Reactive Oxygen Species (yellow) as well as CKs and growth factors (red). The p38 isoforms (green) are phosphorylated via MKK3/6 and MKK4 (grey) in response to ROS and environmental stress consequently increasing activation of downstream targets involved in processes such as cell migration, survival and differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. UV: Ultraviolet radiation; ROS: Reactive Oxygen Species; GFs: Growth Factors; CKs: Cytokines; MEKK3,4: MAP3K3, MAP3K4; TAO: Serine/threonine-protein kinase Tao; ASK: Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase, MAP3K5; MLK1–3: Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase 9–11; MKK4: Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase 4; STAT1/3: Signal Transducer And Activator Of Transcription 1/3; ATF1,2: Activating Transcription Factor 1,2; cMYC: MYC Proto-Oncogene; ELK1: ETS Transcription Factor ELK1