Table 1 Characteristics of studies that reported the effects of cinnamon on PCOS
Type of study | Authors/date | Model | Intervention (Daily dose) | Duration | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Animal | Dou et al./ 2018 [23] | 60 Prepubertal C57BL/6 mice (PCOS mice model induced by DHEA; age 25 days) Were randomly divided into three groups (control group, DHEA group, DHEA + cinnamon group) | Cinnamon powder (10 mg/100 g body weight mixed in 100 μL 0.5% methyl cellulose) via gavage | 20 days | Cinnamonin PCOS mice model: Restores the estrous cyclicity and ovary morphology Improves insulin sensitivity and reduce insulin resistance Mitigate impaired glucose tolerance Down-regulate and reduce testosterone and LH levels Reduce IGF-I level and increase IGFBP-1 level in plasma as well as in ovary tissue |
Khodaeifar et al./ 2019 [24] | 64 female Wistar rats weighing 200–250 g (PCOS was induced by a single dose injected estradiol valerate) divided into 8 groups (three type treatment: A. graveolens (200 mg/kg) extract Cinnamon (200 mg/kg) extract Cinnamon (200 mg/kg) + A. graveolens (200 mg/ kg) extracts | Cinnamon extract 200 mg/kg orally | 14 days | Treatment with Cinnamon. zeylanicum extracts was found to: Decrease the level of FBS and Insulin Decline the insulin resistance Reduce serum level of LDL, TG, and cholesterol and an increase HDL level Had antioxidant properties and reduce the oxidative stress and protect the ovarian tissue from the oxidative damage | |
Human | Borzoei et al./ 2017 [25] | Double-blind RCT 84 overweight or obese PCOS patients (20–38 years) | Cinnamon powder 1.5 g /day (3 cinnamon capsules; each one contained 500 mg) | 8 weeks | Cinnamon significantly: increased serum TAC (↑9.28%) Decreased MDA (↓7.87%) Improved serum level of lipids: increased HDL levels (5.49%) and decreased total cholesterol (↓7.73%) and LDL (↓10.24%) and non-significant changes in serum TG (↓18.24%) Non-significant differences between groups in BMI |
Borzoei et al./ 2018 [10] | Double-blind RCT 84 overweight or obese PCOS patients (20–38 years) | Cinnamon powder 1.5 g /day (3 cinnamon capsules; each one contained 500 mg) | 8 weeks | Cinnamon significantly: Decreased serum fasting blood glucose (↓10.63%), insulin (↓12.63%), HOMA-IR (↓20.25%), total cholesterol and LDL and weight Increased HDL (compared with placebo) Decreased Serum TG and BMI (in comparison with baseline values), but non-significant between two groups Non-significant changes in serum adiponectin | |
Wang et al./ 2007 [26] | Pilot RCT study, fifteen women with PCOS (with mean BMI 28.8 ± 1.3 kg/m2 and mean age 31.1 ± 2.0 years) | Daily oral 1 g cinnamon extract (1 capsule containing 333 mg of cinnamon extract / 3 times per day) | 8 weeks | In cinnamon group: BMI, total T, and E2 remained the same and unchanged Fasting glucose decreased (-16.9%), QUICKI increased significantly (7.7%), HOMA-IR decreased (-44.5%) and improved insulin sensitivity | |
| Â | Wiweko et al. / 2017 [27] | Double-blind RCT 38 PCOS participants were divided into two groups: metformin (20 patients) and DLBS3233(18 patients) | DLBS3233 (herbal extracts combination of Lagerstroemia speciosa and Cinnamomum burmannii 100Â mg / day | 6Â months | In the DLBS3233 group: A significant decrease in the serum AMH level (changes were lower in compared to metformin group) A significant decrease of BMI (This effect was not observed in the metformin group) |
Salehpouret al / 2015 [28] | Double-blind RCT 112 obese and PCOS adolescent girls (12.6–17 years old) | Cinnamon extract (500 mg twice daily) or metformin (500 mg twice daily) | 1 year | Cinnamon does not differ from metformin in decreasing the insulin resistance and Apo B: Apo A1 ratio, but decrease the BMI less | |
Kort et al. / 2014 [29] | Double-blind RCT 45 PCOS women (aged 18–38 years) | 1500 mg/day cinnamon capsules | 6 months | In the cinnamon group: -Significant improvement in menstrual cyclicity (from baseline and also, compared to controls) -Non-significant change of serum androgen, SHBG levels, and measures of insulin resistance in either group (cinnamon and placebo) over the study period -Non-significant change of weight, subcutaneous fat thickness, and ovarian volume in either group (cinnamon and placebo) over the study period | |
Hajimonfarednejad et al./ 2017 [30] | Double-blind RCT 66 PCOS women (aged 18–45 y; BMI ≥ 18) | Cinnamon powder capsules 1.5 g/day in 3 divided doses | 12 weeks | Daily cinnamon supplementation resulted in: -Non-significant reduction of all anthropometric factors (weight, BMI, and waist circumference), FBS, 2-h postprandial blood glucose, TG, Chol, and serum androgen levels -Significant reduction of fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, LDL, and HDL (in comparison with the placebo group) |