Table 2 Characteristics of the participants according to the T-test and chi-square test
|  | Cases (n = 120) | Controls (n = 120) | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Food security | Secure | 53 (44.2%) | 82 (68.3%) | <  0.001 | |
Insecure | Without hunger | 35 (29.2%) | 24 (20%) | ||
Moderate hunger | 29 (24.2%) | 13 (10.8%) | |||
Severe hunger | 3 (2.5%) | 1 (0.8%) | |||
Ethnicity | Fars | 58 (48.3%) | 47 (39.2%) | 0.12 | |
Turk | 35 (29.2%) | 50 (41.7%) | |||
Others | 27 (27.5%) | 23 (19.2%) | |||
Weight (kg) | 76.83 (±10.89) | 74.75 (±8.12) | 0.096 | ||
Height (cm) | 161.16 (±5.56) | 160.70 (±7.03) | 0.57 | ||
BMI (kg/m2) | 29.55 (±3.70) | 28.88 (±1.74) | 0.076 | ||
Education level | Under diploma | 67 (55.8%) | 65 (54.2%) | 0.79 | |
Diploma and higher | 53 (44.2%) | 55 (45.8%) | |||
Economic level | Upper middle to high | 78 (65%) | 99 (82.5%) | 0.002 | |
Lower middle to poor | 42 (35%) | 21 (17.5%) | |||
Job status | Unemployed | 80 (66.7%) | 80 (66.7%) | 0.79 | |
Free, worker, or other | 20 (16.7%) | 23 (19.2%) | |||
Employee | 20 (16.7%) | 17 (14.2%) | |||
Number of employed persons of household | 1 | 86 (71.7%) | 86 (77.7%) | 0.78 | |
≥ 2 | 34 (28.3%) | 34 (28.3%) | |||
Marital status | Unmarried or others | 17 (14.2%) | 19 (15.8%) | 0.71 | |
Married | 103 (85.8%) | 101 (84.2%) | |||
Number of pregnancies | 0 | 71 (59.2%) | 52 (43.3%) | 0.002 | |
≥ 1 | 49 (40.8%) | 68 (56.7%) | |||
Number of children | 0 | 88 (73.3) | 59 (49.2%) | <  0.001 | |
≥ 1 | 32 (26.7%) | 61 (50.8%) | |||
Menstrual age (year) | 13.48 (±1.97) | 12.82 (±1.43) | 0.003 | ||
Waist circumference | 100.65 (±12.04) | 97.61 (±5.37) | 0.013 | ||
Hip circumference | 117.22 (±12.04) | 118.25 (±5.15) | 0.39 | ||
Score of rest or sleep (MET-hour) | 1.32 (±0.99) | 1.37 (±0.13) | <  0.001 | ||
Number of family members | ≤ 2 | 68 (56.7%) | 39 (32.5%) | <  0.001 | |
≥ 3 | 52 (43.3%) | 81 (67.5%) | |||
House ownership | Personal or free | 41 (34.2%) | 55 (45.8%) | 0.065 | |
Rental or pawn | 79 (65.8%) | 65 (54.2%) | |||
Insurance support status | Medical services (Health Insurance) | 18 (15%) | 33 (27.5%) | 0.055 | |
Social security organization | 77 (64.2%) | 68 (56.7%) | |||
other | 25 (20.8%) | 19 (15.8%) | |||