Fig. 4

A Shows Ki-67 immunostaining in ovary tissue. A: control, B: sham, C: nicotine, D: nicotine + 0.5 g/kg ginseng and E: nicotine + 1 g/kg ginseng. In C or nicotine treated mouse a weak to moderate immunostaining reaction in granulosa cells is noted, in comparison to the control or sham. In E, moderate to strong immunostaining reaction and elevation of the proliferative index, are noted, in comparison to the nicotine group (200 × and 400 ×). B Shows granulosa proliferative index in the ovary in different groups. Each group has 8 mice (n = 8). Data are expressed as Mean ± SE. a: significant data in comparison with the control (P = 0.001), b: significant data in comparison with the nicotine group (P = 0.001). C Shows theca/stroma proliferative index in the ovary in different groups. Each group has 8 mice (n = 8). Data are expressed as Mean ± SE. a: significant data in comparison with the control group (P = 0.001), b: significant data in comparison with the nicotine group (P = 0.001).