Fig.1

Hypoxia-induced chronic inflammation and oxidative stress on stem cell senescence. Hypoxia promotes the generation of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, IFN7 and IL-6 through hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1 α), leading to chronic ovarian inflammation, and also induces excessive production of ROS, leading to the formation of DNA adducts such as 8-OXo-7, 8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanine and 4-hydroxynonenal. Together with inflammatory factors, these two substances cause accumulation of damage to DNA, changes in epigenetics, abnormalities in gene expression, dysregulation of cellular signaling pathways, etc., ultimately leading to aging of cells and organs