Table 1 Effect of XAR^TM treatment on chemoablated ovary and testis. A. Effect of FSH and XAR™ treatment on adult mouse ovary. The FSH treatment led to increased levels of primordial, growing and antral follicles in both Day 2 and Day 7 group, while the XAR™ treatment led to a significant increase in the growing and antral follicles in Day 2 group, and primordial, growing and antral follicles in Day 7 group. An increase in AMH levels was also observed in XAR™ treated Day 7 group. B. Curative and preventive effects of XAR™ on circulatory levels of hormones in adult female mice. XAR™ treatment led to increased AMH, progesterone, estrogen levels and decreased FSH and LH levels in chemoblated mice. C. Curative and preventive effect of XAR™ on circulatory levels of hormones in adult male mice. The decreased levels of testosterone, sperm count, sperm viability and sperm motility in chemoblated mice, were restored to normal levels on XAR™ treatment, in both preventive and curative group. Two-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis, ^####p < 0.0001, ^###p < 0.001, ^##p < 0.01, ^#p < 0.05. The hash sign (^#) indicates statistically significant difference between untreated control and the indicated groups, while the asterisk sign (*) indicates statistical significance within the treatments. “ns” indicates statistically non-significant differences

A: Comparing effect of FSH and XAR™ treatment on adult mouse ovary

Groups

Primordial

Growing

Antral

AMH values

(ng/ml)

Untreated Control

144 ± 11

94 ± 8

48 ± 5

16.10 ± 1.5

FSH treated Day 2

192 ± 20^##

159 ± 13^###

131 ± 16^####

-

FSH treated Day 7

198 ± 21^##

181 ± 19^####

135 ± 14^####

20.84 ± 2.1 ^ns

XAR™ treated Day 2

148 ± 15 ^{ns, *}

119 ± 12 ^{ns, *}

81 ± 9^{#, **}

-

XAR™ treated Day 7

254 ± 24^{####, ***}

152 ± 18^###

83 ± 10^{#, **}

24.35 ± 2.5^##

B. Curative & preventive effects of XAR™ on circulatory hormones in female mice

Hormones

Untreated

Control

XAR™ treatment

Bu-Cy

Curative Control

Bu-Cy XAR™

Curative treatment

Bu-Cy

Preventive Control

Bu-Cy XAR™

Preventive treatment

FSH (ng/ml)

0.55 ± 0.04

0.84 ± 0.09 ^ns

1.98 ± 0.21^####

0.86 ± 0.08 ^{ns, ****}

1.45 ± 0.17^####

0.63 ± 0.07 ^{ns, ****}

LH (ng/ml)

2.92 ± 0.24

3.18 ± 0.36 ^ns

5.42 ± 0.58^####

3.99 ± 0.44 ^{ns, *}

4.74 ± 0.50^##

3.36 ± 0.39 ^{ns, *}

P (pg/ml)

41.24 ± 3.98

44.39 ± 5.01 ^ns

11.29 ± 1.55^####

34.53 ± 5.98 ^{ns, ***}

17.34 ± 3.01^###

36.46 ± 4.91 ^{ns, **}

E₂ (pg/ml)

261.34 ± 31.95

274.46 ± 34.15 ^ns

139.45 ± 15.49^##

211.54 ± 26.08 ^{ns, *}

163.35 ± 18.84^##

256.28 ± 29.98 ^{ns, *}

AMH (ng/ml)

16.10 ± 2.09

31.39 ± 4.58^####

3.59 ± 0.42^###

15.24 ± 1.17 ^{ns, ***}

6.49 ± 0.59^##

18.93 ± 1.96 ^{ns, ***}

C. Curative & preventive effects of XAR™ on circulatory hormones in male mice

Hormones

Untreated Control

XAR™

treatment

Bu Curative

Control

Bu- XAR™ Curative treatment

Bu Preventive Control

Bu- XAR™ Preventive Treatment

Testosterone (ng/ml)

4.31 ± 0.41

4.56 ± 0.46 ^ns

1.56 ± 0.2^####

4.09 ± 0.43 ^{ns, ****}

2.06 ± 0.25^###

4.16 ± 0.58 ^{ns, ***}

Sperm Count (10⁶/ ml)

22.93 ± 3.2

24.56 ± 2.9 ^ns

1.39 ± 0.19^####

19.87 ± 2.1 ^{ns, ***}

1.99 ± 0.22^####

20.49 ± 2.9 ^{ns, ***}

Sperm Motility (%)

86.29 ± 9.3

89.93 ± 9.1 ^ns

16.83 ± 1.8^####

76.39 ± 8.3 ^{ns, ****}

21.27 ± 2.5^####

74.87 ± 6.9 ^{ns, ****}

Sperm Viability (%)

76.32 ± 8.3

78.38 ± 8.2 ^ns

13.29 ± 1.4^####

69.39 ± 7.5 ^{ns, ****}

10.39 ± 1.2^####

72.39 ± 8.8 ^{ns, ****}