Fig. 6

Signaling pathways associated with follicular development in GCs of FL1 mice. Although FSH levels in FL1 females are significantly decreased, the pathway analysis indicates that the most important intracellular FSH signaling pathways in the GCs are not inhibited. Thus, the regulation of important functions such as cellular survival, apoptosis, growth and differentiation and also steroidogenesis in the GCs of FL1 mice might be modulated by factors except for FSH. An overlap of growth factor and gonadotropin (receptor) signaling provides opportunities for cross-talk between insulin, IGF1, PRL, OXT, FSH and LH signaling. Furthermore, the induction of important anti-apoptotic signals by other factors has the potential to preserve FL1 mice from negative effects of high FSH and IGF1 levels. Data are partly extracted from Ludwig et al. 2022. Figure created with BioRender.com