Fig. 8

Omega-3 PUFAs ameliorate ovarian dysfunction associated with PCOS, likely involving direct effects on inhibiting ovarian inflammation. A-D The mRNA levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-18 and CCL2 in the control, PCOS, omega-3 and omega-3 + ABX groups. E-H The mRNA levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-18 and CCL2 in the t-PCOS and t-Omega-3 groups. Data are shown as the mean ± SEM. Statistical significance was determined by P values determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test and a two-tailed Mann–Whitney U test (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001)