Table 1 The basic characteristics of the included studies
Author | Year | Country | Period | Study design | Group | Interventions | N | Age (years) | BMI (kg/m2) | Cyst size (cm) | Staging | Duration of subfertility (years) | Laterality | Surgery | Previous treatment | FSH (IU/L) | AMH (ng/mL) | AFC | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Iwami | 2021 | Japan | 2018.02–2020.05 | Prospective cohort | DNG | Severe dysmenorrhea or a high risk of endometriosis recurrence following previous surgery take 2 mg of DNG daily prior to ART, continue DNG and start the COH procedure at individual discretion | 71 | 35.0 ± 4.31 | 21.9 ± 3.6 | - | I/II 46, III/IV 25 | 3.9 ± 2.5 | - | 58 | - | 7.82 ± 2.53 | 2.67 ± 1.92 | 7.21 ± 3.71 | Mature oocytes, growing follicles, fertilization rate, implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate, miscarriage rate, live birth rate |
|  |  |  |  |  | Dydrogesterone | Dydrogesterone 20 mg/day taken internally, start simultaneously with ovarian stimulation on the second or third days of menstrual cycles | 74 | 34.9 ± 3.71 | 21.7 ± 2.5 | - | I/II 59, III/IV 15 | 2.6 ± 2.6 | - | 53 | - | 7.63 ± 3.05 | 3.48 ± 1.99 | 10.70 ± 6.24 |  |
Khalifa | 2021 | Egypt | 2018.08–2019.10 | Parallel-group open-label RCT | DNG + short-acting GnRH-a | DNG 2 mg tablet orally daily for 3 months, in the last 3 weeks of the pretreatment period, short-acting GnRH-a in a dose of 0.5 mg SC daily followed by ovarian stimulation when DNG was stopped | 67 | 36.1 ± 2.7 | 22.3 ± 1.9 | - | Minimal 8, mild 12, moderate 22, severe 25 | 7.2 ± 1.7 | - | - | ART 17 | 4.3 ± 1.8 | 2.8 ± 1.8 | 11.8 ± 2.3 | Retrieved oocytes, mature oocytes, transferrable embryos, fertilization rate, clinical pregnancy rate, miscarriage rate |
|  |  |  |  |  | GnRH-a ultra-long protocol | GnRH-a in the form of depot leuprorelin acetate 3.75 mg SC monthly injections for 3 months before starting ovarian stimulation after the third dose of depot GnRH-a | 67 | 35.6 ± 3.5 | 22.5 ± 1.6 | - | Minimal 5, mild 13, moderate 27, severe 22 | 6.6 ± 1.5 | - | - | ART 20 | 5.4 ± 1.7 | 3.5 ± 1.3 | 12 ± 3.2 |  |
Barra | 2020 | Italy | 2015.06–2019.09 | Retrospective cohort | DNG | A 3-month treatment with DNG (2 mg daily) before IVF | 63 | 36.4 ± 4.0 | 20.7 ± 2.8 | 2.7 ± 2.0 | - | - | Left 22, right 16 | 0 | Hormonal therapy for endometriosis 37, failed embryo Transfers 1.4 ± 0.5 | 7.8 ± 2.2 | 2.6 ± 0.8 | 6.6 ± 3.2 | Mature oocytes, growing follicles, blastocysts, transferrable embryos, implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate, live birth rate |
|  |  |  |  |  | Without hormonal treatment | Direct IVF | 88 | 36.2 ± 4.1 | 21.0 ± 3.0 | 3.6 ± 1.8 | - | - | Left 25, right 24 | 0 | Hormonal therapy for endometriosis 55, failed embryo transfers 1.6 ± 0.4 | 8.2 ± 2.2 | 2.6 ± 0.9 | 6.5 ± 2.8 |  |
Tamura | 2019 | Japan | 2011.02–2015.11 | Prospective RCT | DNG | DNG 2 mg orally daily for 3 months before IVF | 30 | 34.2 ± 3.4 | - | - | III 10, IV 6 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | Retrieved oocytes, mature oocytes, growing follicles, blastocysts, fertilization rate, implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate, miscarriage rate, live birth rate |
|  |  |  |  |  | GnRH-a long protocol | Nasal spray GnRH-a (900 μg/day buserelin acetate) from the mid-luteal phase in the previous cycle to the time of HCG injection for the ovulation induction of the IVF-ET cycle | 34 | 33.6 ± 3.6 | - | - | III 9, IV 5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |  |
Muller | 2017 | Russia | 2012.01–2015.12 | Prospective cohort | DNG | DNG 2 mg daily for 6 months prior to IVF protocol | 38 | 23–42 |  < 30 | Diameter ≤ 3 13, diameter > 3 25 | - | - | Unilateral 23, Bilateral 15 | 38 | - | 8.89 ± 4.89 | 1.12 ± 0.41 | - | Clinical pregnancy rate, live birth rate |
|  |  |  |  |  | Without hormonal treatment | Direct IVF | 36 | Diameter ≤ 3 13, diameter > 3 23 | - | - | Unilateral 20, Bilateral 16 | 36 | - | 8.71 ± 2.96 | 1.07 ± 0.59 | - |  |