Table 1 Basic characteristic of patients, cycle parameters and reproductive outcomes of different COS protocols

Basic characteristic of patients

Number

123

123

123

123

Cycle

2.02 ± 0.13^bc

1.33 ± 0.06^ad

1.54 ± 0.07^ad

1.89 ± 0.07^bc

< 0.01

Age (y)

37.76 ± 0.44

38.74 ± 0.41

38.63 ± 0.34

38.15 ± 0.42

0.298

BMI (kg/m²)

21.69 ± 0.28

22.36 ± 0.34

22.34 ± 0.26

22.26 ± 0.14

0.109

AMH (ng/ml)

1.14 ± 0.09

1.24 ± 0.08

1.18 ± 0.10

1.03 ± 0.09

0.358

AFC

5.02 ± 0.22^c

5.63 ± 0.24

6.04 ± 0.30^ad

5.02 ± 0.28^c

0.012

Infertile duration (y)

5.33 ± 0.42

4.46 ± 0.35

4.99 ± 0.37

4.42 ± 0.38

0.262

Primary infertile (%)

39.02(48/123) ^b

18.70(23/123) ^a

28.46(35/123)

26.02(32/123)

0.005

Basic hormone level

PRL_B (µg/L)

12.72(9.30–17.20)

11.43(8.42–15.07)

11.13(8.60-14.72)

11.38(8.53–15.35)

0.260

FSH_B (IU/L)

8.76(6.75–12.94)

8.65(7.28–11.12)

9.59(6.97–12.86)

9.70(7.27–12.54)

0.406

LH_B (IU/L)

3.95(2.84–5.25)

3.63(2.72–4.92)

3.76(2.93–4.98)

4.22(2.91–5.82)

0.155

E2_B (ng/L)

44.50(28.00-63.25)

38.00(27.50–58.00)

43.00(26.75–62.25)

44.50(28.00-59.25)

0.650

T_B (nmol/L)

1.10(0.63–1.72)

1.00(0.69–1.46)

1.23(0.68–1.55)

1.12(0.70–1.72)

0.410

Cycle parameters

Days of Gn stimulation (d)

8.02 ± 0.23^bc

12.57 ± 0.17^acd

8.78 ± 0.19^abd

7.48 ± 0.26^abc

< 0.01

Total Gn dose (IU)

2338.21 ± 71.30^bd

3393.21 ± 73.21^acd

2243.09 ± 64.71^bd

1145.90 ± 48.09^abc

< 0.01

Trigger day

FSH (IU/L)

30.85(24.71–37.07)^bcd

23.25(19.58–29.01)^ad

21.58(18.67–27.42)^ad

16.41(13.70-22.39)^abc

< 0.01

LH (IU/L)

3.98(2.34–6.45)^bd

1.21(0.93–1.65)^acd

3.09(2.01–4.87)^bd

5.76(3.03–11.32)^abc

< 0.01

E2 (ng/L)

538.00(317.00-1039.75)^bc

1407.00(861.00-2471.00)^ad

1068.00(665.50–1797.00)^ad

743.00(429.00-1182.00)^bc

< 0.01

P (µg/L)

0.80(0.59–1.22)

0.96(0.66–1.26)^d

0.93(0.63–1.28)

0.75(0.52–1.09)^b

0.044

T (nmol/L)

2.12(1.36–2.84)^c

1.90(1.67–2.92)

1.59(1.15–1.82)^a

-

0.018

Number of follicles ≥ 18 mm

1.92 ± 0.11 ^cd

2.10 ± 0.13^d

1.43 ± 0.11^ab

1.08 ± 0.11^ab

< 0.01

Follicle output rate (%)

37.58(236/628)^cd

36.71(254/692)^cd

23.42(174/743)^ab

20.87(129/618)^b

< 0.01

Endometrial thickness (mm)

9.44 ± 0.21^bcd

11.39 ± 0.31^ad

10.67 ± 0.25^ad

8.35 ± 0.28^abc

< 0.01

IVF laboratory parameters

Number of oocytes retrieved

4.46 ± 0.26 ^bd

6.71 ± 0.42^acd

4.64 ± 0.31 ^bd

2. 54 ± 0.21 ^abc

< 0.01

MII oocytes retrieved

3.66 ± 0.23 ^bd

5.65 ± 0.35^acd

3.96 ± 0.28 ^bd

2.12 ± 0.17^abc

< 0.01

Available embryos

1.97 ± 0.13^bd

2.52 ± 0.14^acd

2.10 ± 0.13^bd

1.34 ± 0.11 ^abc

< 0.01

Top-quality embryo rate (%)

52.94(126/238) ^d

58.77(181/308) ^d

50.00(125/250)

38.61(61/158) ^ab

< 0.01

Pregnancy outcomes

Embryo implantation rate (%)

23.14(28/121)

16.47(28/170)

17.05(22/129)

13.56(8/59)

0.347

Clinical pregnancy rate (%)

38.46(35/91) ^d

26.13(29/111)

29.17(30/103)

17.11(13/76) ^a

0.022

Miscarriage rate (%)

11.54(3/26)

11.54(3/26)

25.00(5/20)

25.00(2/8)

0.528

Cumulative clinical pregnancy rate (%)

33.33(40/120) ^d

21.68(31/143)

29.03(36/124)

13.04(15/115) ^a

0.024