Fig. 7

VEGFA ameliorated excessive autophagy of GCs via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. The changes of autophagy and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway related proteins expression were affected by VEGFA, 3-MA (autophagy inhibitor), and rapamycin (mTOR inhibitor) in KGN (A) and primary GCs (B). C The changes of Ki67 and LC3B expression were affected by VEGFA, 3-MA, and rapamycin in GCs; scale bar: 100 μm. D The changes in the autophagy flux were affected by VEGFA, 3-MA, and rapamycin in GCs; scale bar: 50 μm. *p < 0.05. **p < 0.01