Fig. 1

In vitro olaparib treatment induces DNA damage, reduces cancer cell viability and upregulates PD-L1. A Immunofluorescence staining images (left) and quantification (right) of γH2AX following a 24-h treatment of ID8 cells with 10 µM olaparib, representative of the extent of DNA damage. Student t test; *p < 0.05. B Histograms show the percent viability of ID8 cancer cells following treatment with 0, 1.0, 5.0 and 10 µM olaparib for 24 h, as assessed by AlamarBlue assays. Viability at each dose was compared to the 0 µM group. Analysis was done using a one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons. Mean ± SEM (n = 3); *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. C Heatmap presenting the expression levels of proteins involved in the PARP DNA repair pathway in the ID8 cell lines. RNA-seq data [23] collected from cell lines growing in vitro were analyzed to develop a normal distribution model of the expression of genes of interest. Each box represents the mean value of log-normalized RNA-seq data for 3 biological replicates. D PD-L1 expression in ID8 cells treated with 10 µM olaparib for 24 h, assessed using flow cytometry. Mean ± SEM (n = 3), one-way ANOVA; ***p < 0.0001, ****p < 0.01