Fig. 1

Comparisons of the expression of the five genes between ovarian cancer and normal ovarian tissues in TCGA and GTEx based on GEPIA. The Y axis represents the log2 (TPM + 1) for gene expression. The gray bar represents the normal tissues, whereas the red bar represents the tissues affected by ovarian cancer. The median is shown by a broad horizontal line positioned in the centre, while the lower and upper boundaries of each box correspond to the first and third quartiles, respectively. The lower and upper error bars correspond to the minimum and maximum values of the expression data, respectively. The red and grey boxes in the diagram correspond to ovarian cancers and normal tissues, respectively. The differential analysis was conducted using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) method, where disease stage was considered as the variable for determining differential expression. Statistical significance was indicated by an asterisk, and each dot represented a unique tumor or normal sample. The values were obtained from the GEPIA database. Transcripts per kilobase million (TPM) is a metric used to quantify gene expression levels in transcriptomic studies. The box plots (1–5) depicting the expression levels of the five hub genes indicate significant dysregulation in ovarian cancer as compared to normal ovarian tissue. (1) SCN2A—down-regulated, (2) ELAVL2—down-regulated, (3) ZNF532—down-regulated, (4) MAF—downregulated (5), BCL2—down-regulated. All the genes were significant with p < 0.05