Fig. 5

Lipoic acid induces ER stress and increases ROS generation in IGROV1 and IGROV1-R10. a: ER stress protein expression was assessed in IGROV1 (left panel) and IGROV1-R10 (right panel) cell lines by immunoblot using an antibody which recognizes CHOP protein. The blot shown is representative of three independent experiments and cell lysates. b-c: ROS production was measured by flow cytometry using CM-DCFH2-DA probe. Histograms show that 3 or 6 h of LA treatment (1 mM) increased ROS production compared to control and ROS scavenger (NAC). Bars represent the mean of n = 3 independent biological replicates ± SEM. Graphics were realized and are presented using GraphPad Prism5 software. ROS levels in treated vs no treated cells in IGROV1 or IGROV1-R10 were analyzed by One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc analysis using Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test was used for parametric data. A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. * p < 0.5; ** p < 0.1; *** p < 0.01