Fig. 5

Bioavailability, vitamin D quantification and ROS production in in vivo experiments. Female rats (n = 48) were treated with RES 0.5 mg alone (n = 24), combined with vitD 0.4 μg (n = 24) and with vitD 0.4 μg alone (n = 18) by gavage. The animals were sacrificed at specific time-points (ranging 2–270 min) and plasma samples were collected. In a RES plasma concentration (μg/L), in b vitD plasma quantification and in c the ROS production are reported. The results are expressed as means ± SD in panel (a) and as means ± SD(%) in panel (b) of 4 independent experiments. All data p < 0.05 vs control. RES = resveratrol 0.5 mg; RES + vitD = preparation composed of RES 0.5 mg and vitD 0.4 μg