Table 3 Recent studies on curcumin treatment for ovarian cancer

Curcumin

20 μM for

96 hours

Wnt/β-catenin

Inhibition of tumor growth, migration, and invasion

Inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition

Inhibition of autophagy

Induction of apoptosis

Increased the sensitivity of cancer cells

Induced cell cycle arrest

Antioxidant and anti-proliferative effects

In vitro

SKOV3

[113]

20 μM for

48 hours

-

In vitro

ES2, OVCAR3

[114]

30, 40 μM for

48 hours

AKT/mTOR/p70S6K

In vitro

SK-OV-3, A2780

[104]

400 μM

NQO1, c-Myc, Cyclin B1, Cyclin D1

In vitro

OVCAR3, OVCAR5, SKOV3

[115]

20 μM

FAK

In vitro

SKOV-3, OVCAR-3, PA-1

[116]

25.8, 53.0 mg/day

NF-κB

In vivo

-

[117]

Dose: 20 mg/kg (In vivo)

Dose: 10 μM for 48 hours

miR-124

In vitro

In vivo

SKOV3

[118]

1 μM for 36 hours

miR-214, MEG3

In vitro

A2780

OVCAR-3

SKOV3

[100]

60 μM for 72 hours

-

In vitro

SKOV3

[119]

50 μM

MMP-9, CD44, osteopontin

In vitro

SKOV3

[120]

10 μM for 2 and 3 hours

STAT3, IL-6, IL-8

In vitro

PA-1, OVCAR-3

[121]

80 μM for 24 hours

Caspase-3, PARP-1, Bcl-2, P13K/Akt, P38 MAPK

In vitro

HEY, OVCA429, OCC1, SKOV3

[22]

50 μM for 240 min

Caspase-3, IL-6, STAT-3, p-JAK-1 and p-JAK-2, PIAS-3, SOCS-3

In vitro

OVCA420, OVCA429

[36]

40 μM for 24 hours

AQP-3

In vitro

CaOV3

[108]

0.5 μM for 48 hours

ROS, glutathione

In vitro

C13, 2008

[122]

50μM for 24 hours

AMPK, p38, p53

In vitro

CaOV3

[123]

40μM for 72 hours

PI3K/Akt

In vitro

SKOV3

[124]

60μM

ALDH1A1

In vitro

SKOV3

OVCAR3

[112]

15μM for 24 hours

SERCA

In vitro

MDAH 2774, SKOV3, PA1

[105]

41.6μmol/L for 12 hours

Bcl-2, p53, MDM2, NFκB, caspase-3

In vitro

A2780

[125]

3 μM for 12 hours

Rho A/Rho-kinase

In vitro

SKOV3

[126]

40μM for 48 hours

Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, caspase-3, p53, Bax

In vitro

HO-8910

[106]

Curcumin-loaded biodegradable PLGA nanoparticles (CUR-NP)

0.1 mg/mL

50 μM

-

CUR-NP exhibited better physicochemical properties compared to free curcumin

In vitro

SK-OV-3

[127]

Curcumin-coated silver nanoparticles (cAgNPs)

2μg/mL for 48 hours

Caspase 3/9, p53, MPP-9

Apoptosis induction

In vitro

A2780

[128]

Combinational polymeric micelles for co-delivery of quercetin/resveratrol and resveratrol/curcumin

1 mg/ml

Caspase-3

Apoptosis induction

In vitro

In vivo

ES2-Luc, A2780ADR

[129]

DNC

55 μM for 48 hours

LSINCT5, CCAT2, ABO73614, ANRIL, FAL1, BC200, MALAT1

Apoptosis induction

Inhibited tumor growth

In vitro

OVCAR3

SKOV3

[130]

Curcumin-loaded PLGA MPs

Dose: 20 and 40μM for 48 and 72 hours

Dose: 100 mg/kg (In vivo)

-

CPMs formulation was more effective than free curcumin in suppressing proliferation of ovarian cancer cells

In vitro

In vivo

SKOV-3

[131]

Curcumin nanoparticle

50 μg/ml

P-gp

Decreased chemotherapy resistance

Induced cell cycle arrest

Apoptosis induction

Antioxidant effects

In vitro

A2780

[132]

6.62 μg/mL

HSP70

In vitro

In vivo

SKOV3

[133]

Difluorinated curcumin

Folate decorated bovine serum albumin

(FA-BSA) nanoparticles loaded with Difluorinated curcumin

(CDF) (FA-BSA-CDF)

162.8 nM

-

Apoptosis induction

In vitro

SKOV3

[85]

FA-SMA-CDF nanomicelles

1.55 ± 0.23 μM for 72 hours

PTEN, NFκB,

Apoptosis induction

In vitro

SKOV3

[89]

Demethoxycurcumin

20, 40 and 80 μM for 48 hours

IRS2/PI3K/Akt

miR-551a

Anti-proliferative effects

Apoptosis induction

In vitro

ES2, HO8640, HO8640PM, SKOV3

[134]

Doxorubicin/curcumin co-loaded alginate-shelled nanodroplets

-

-

Inhibited tumor growth

In vitro

In vivo

A2780

[135]

Boron-curcumin complex

6 mg

-

Enhancement of anticancer effects of curcumin

In vitro

IGROV-1

[136]

Curcumin-loaded NLC

Curcumin

30 μM for 24 hours

PARP, caspase-3

Apoptosis induction

In vitro

A2780

[137]

Curcumin-loaded δ-T3 nanoemulsion

1.96 ± 0.37 mg/ml

NF-κB

Anti-proliferative effects

Apoptosis induction

In vitro

OVCAR-8

[138]

Bisdemethoxycurcumin

15 μM for 24 hours

MMP-2, -9

CD147, uPA, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, TIMP-1, NF-κB p65, VEGF

Inhibited growth, adhesion and motility of tumor cells

Arrested cell cycle

Anti-migration and anti-invasion effects

Antioxidant effects

In vitro

SKOV-3

[139]

Monofunctional platinum (II) tris (quinoline) chloroplatinum (II)

60 to

200 μM for 72 hours

-

Greater toxicity on resistant tumor cells compared to cisplatin

In vitro

A2780

[140]

ASA/Cur-coloaded mPEG-PLGA nanoparticles

5 μg/mL

Caspase-3, -9

Bcl-2, Bax

Apoptosis induction

The co-delivery of curcumin enhanced its antitumor activity

In vitro

ES-2, SKOV3

[141]

Curcumin and platinum-loaded micelles

1 mg

-

The co-delivery of curcumin enhanced its antitumor activity

In vitro

A2780

[142]

MPEG-PCL curcumin micelles

5 μg/mL

-

Induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis

In vitro

A2780

[143]

Monofunctional platinum (II) complex tris (benzimidazole) chloroplatinum (II)

180 mg

-

Synergistic anticancer effects on cisplatin-resistant cancer cells

In vitro

A2780

[144]

Co-delivery of paclitaxel and curcumin by transferrin-targeted PEG-PE-based mixed micelles

20 μM

25 mg/kg

Annexin V

Apoptosis induction

In vitro

In vivo

NCI-ADR-RES

SK-OV-3

[145]

PEG-PE/vitamin E micelles for co-delivery of paclitaxel and curcumin

10 μM25 mg/kg

-

Showed synergistic effects compared to curcumin or paclitaxel alone against cancer cells

In vitro

In vivo

SK-OV-3

[146]

Curcumin loaded poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) nanoparticles

10 μg/ml

NFkB, survivin, VEGF, COX-2

Anti-proliferative effectsNecrosis induction

In vitro

SK-OV-3

[147]

*B19

(1E, 4E)-1, 5-bis (2-methoxyphenyl) penta-1, 4-dien-3-one

10 μM for 12 hours

ER stress, UPR

Inhibited autophagy

Apoptosis induction

In vitro

HO8910

[148]

Curcumin encapsulated Poloxamer 407/TPGS mixed micelles

-

P-gp

Increased cytotoxicity against multidrug resistant ovarian cancer cells

In vitro

NCI/ADR-RES

[149]