Comorbidities and inflammation associated with ovarian cancer and its influence on SARS-CoV-2 infection

Table 2 Comorbidities and their association with ovarian cancer risk

Factors	Comorbidities	Association with ovarian cancer	Mechanism of pathogenesis explained by	References
Demographic	Age	Increased risk, Poor outcome	Gonadotropin theory, Inflammation theory	[25]
Reproductive	Ovulation	Increased risk	Incessant ovulation theory, Inflammation theory	[160]
	Pregnancy	Protective	Gonadotropin theory	[155]
	Pre-eclampsia Pregnancy	Increased risk	Inflammation theory	[20]
	Lactation	Protective	Gonadotropin theory	[132]
Gynaecologic	Pelvic inflammatory disease	Increased risk	Inflammation theory	[104]
	Endometriosis	Increased risk	Retrograde menstruation theory, Inflammation theory	[133]
	Tubal ligation	Protective	Inflammation theory	[123]
Hormonal	Oral Contraceptive Pills (OCPs)	Protective	Gonadotropin theory	[42]
Hormonal	Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)	Controversial	Gonadotropin theory	[35]
Genetic	Family history	Increased risk		[88]
	BRCA mutation	Increased risk		[179]
	Lynch syndrome	Increased risk		[108]
Lifestyle	Food	Controversial	Inflammation theory	[146, 121]
	Adiposity/Obesity	Increased risk	Inflammation theory, Gonadotropin theory	[144]
	Smoking/ Caffeine	Controversial	Inflammation theory	[94, 119]
Environmental	Talc	Increased risk	Inflammation theory	[196]

ISSN: 1757-2215