Table 3 Dietary patterns based on the T-test and factor loading matrix of two main dietary patterns with the Varimax rotation

Processed meats

Sausage, kielbasa, hamburger

–

0.465

15.85 (±4.26)

3.70 (±1.64)

<  0.001

Red and organ meats

Beef and veal, mutton, minced meat, heart, liver, and offal, by-products and abomasum, kale pache, tongue, brain

–

0.456

17.62 (±2.84)

10.40 (±2.47)

<  0.001

Fish and poultry

Types of fish, tuna, chicken

0.556

–

24.81 (±5.83)

37.59 (±5.58)

<  0.001

Egg

Egg

0.465

–

13.78 (±5.25)

22.66 (±5.61)

<  0.001

Dairy products

Types of milk (low, normal, or high fat), yogurt (low, normal, or high fat), creamy or dripped yogurt, dough, chocolate milk, cheese (creamy or normal), types of ice cream, curd, cream, butterfat

0.595

–

2.52 (±1.58)

5.69 (±1.17)

<  0.001

Tea and coffee

Tea and coffee

–

0.319

21.24 (±3.20)

8.17 (±4.62)

<  0.001

Fruits and vegetables

Cantaloupe and watermelon, melon, watermelon, pear, apricot, cherry and sour cherry, apple, peach, nectarine, green tomato, grape, kiwi, grapefruit, orange, persimmon, tangerine, pomegranate, yellow or red plum, strawberry, banana, lemonade, lemongrass, raisins, fresh berries, fresh figs, compotes, dried figs, dates, dried berries, peach and apricot leaves, natural juices, other fruits

0.797

–

232.91 (±13.33)

406.37 (±14.28)

<  0.001

Lettuce, cucumber, stewed vegetables, eggplant, celery, green peas, green beans, green peppers, bell peppers, turnips, squash, pumpkin stew, mushrooms, raw or fried onions, boiled potatoes, garlic, Spinach, raw or cooked carrots, other vegetables

Industrial juice and soft drinks

Industrial juice, lemon juice, types of drinks (soft drinks, water poetry, industrial syrups)

–

0.714

8.77 (±2.77)

4.77 (±3.12)

<  0.001

Legumes and soy

Beans, lentils, chickpeas, cotyledon, broad bean, mung bean and other legumes, soybean meal

0.429

–

171.72 (±12.53)

248.38 (±12.06)

<  0.001

Nuts

Peanuts, almonds, walnuts, pistachios, hazelnuts, any kind of seed

0.351

–

65.34 (±4.19)

79.05 (±6.41)

0.042

Whole grains

Sangak bread, taftoon, barbari, barley bread, barley, wheat, oatmeal, corn

–

–

1228.03 (±57.18)

1333.29 (±55.88)

0.149

Refined grains

Bread (milk, fried, oily, or sugar bread), lavash, baguette, wheat flour, rice, pasta, noodles, vermicelli, crackers

–

0.392

271.78 (±17.76)

247.14 (±16.80)

0.120

French fries and potato chips

French fries, potato chips

–

0.315

2.52 (±0.58)

0.38 (±0.04)

0.184

Sugars, sweets and desserts

Types of cakes, dry or wet sweets, chocolates, homemade halva, puff pastry, biscuits, donuts, caramel cream, sugar, sugar or cheese, candy, honey, jams, sugary halva, quotes, candy, turmeric, sohan

–

0.788

28.47 (±4.50)

9.49 (±4.12)

<  0.001

Pickles and salinity

Pickles and salinity

–

–

219.41 (±17.96)

222.96 (±13.38)

0.894

Solid oils and animal fat

Margarine, butter, solid vegetable oil, animal oil, tallow, mayonnaise

−0.454

–

102.66 (±9.17)

56.30 (±8.36)

<  0.001

Liquid oils

Types of liquid, olive, or green oil

0.479

–

25.99 (±7.19)

32.01 (±5.49)

0.059

Tomato

Tomatoes, red sauce

0.701

–

36.33 (±7.99)

471.29 (±5.37)

<  0.001

Salt

Table salt, food salt

−0.392

0.376

4.90 (±1.77)

3.32 (±1.24)

<  0.001