Fig. 3

TRAP staining and IHC. a TRAP staining of femur bone sections in each group. b-c Representative images show the IHC staining of the femur bone sections with antibodies against bone resorption markers, MMP9 and NFATc1. d Quantitative analysis of TRAP, MMP9 and NFATc1 positive cells in the femur bone sections; * indicates significance P < 0.05 compared to normal mice; # indicates significance P < 0.05 compared to OVX mice; & indicates significance P < 0.05 compared to E₂ mice as determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc analysis