Table 2 Summary of the reviewed markers (alphabetical order) and their prognostic significance
From: Immunohistochemical markers of prognosis in adult granulosa cell tumors of the ovary – a review
Marker | Number of references reviewed in article | Conclusion | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) | n = 1 | Prognostic significance unclear | - Correlation of AMH expression with larger tumor size, but not with prognostic data |
CD56 | n = 3 | Prognostic significance | - High IHC expression associated with increased recurrence and decreased DFI |
E-cadherin, β-Catenin | n = 3 | Prognostic significance unclear | - conflicting data on expression and prognostic validity |
Estrogen | n = 4 | No prognostic significance | - Studies with conflicting results |
FOXL2 | n = 3 | Prognostic significance | - FOXL2 expression is associated with decreased DFS and OS in JGCT - FOXL2 mutation and FOXL2 mRNA are associated with reduced DFS in AGCT |
GATA-4 | n = 3 | Prognostic significance | - High expression of GATA-4 is associated with reduced DFS, higher tumor stage and recurrence |
HER2 | n = 8 | Prognostic significance unclear | - conflicting data on IHC expression of HER2 |
Inhibin | n = 5 | No prognostic significance | - Studies with significant and insignificant results |
Ki-67 | n = 6 | Prognostic significance unclear | - Studies with significant and insignificant results - variations, e.g. inter-observer variation not considered in most studies |
Mitotic rate | n = 15 | Prognostic significance unclear | - Studies with significant and insignificant results - different cut-off values - different microscopes and field diameters - currently counted in mm2 |
p53 | n = 10 | Prognostic significance unclear | - conflicting results of p53 IHC expression - interpretation problems regarding p53 IHC as mutation-positive |
SMAD3 | n = 1 | Prognostic significance | - High expression of SMAD3 is associated with increased recurrence and shorter DFI |