Table 1 Clinical and ultrasound characteristics of patients with adnexal masses in the training and validation cohorts

Age (years, median (IQR))

50

(42–60)

50

(37–61)

49

(43–59)

0.882

49.5

(36–61)

45

(31–64)

50

(42–59)

0.696

0.641

Postmenopausal

 Yes

122

56

66

0.953

52

28

24

0.712

0.843

 No

121

56

65

54

31

23

CA125 > 35U/mL

 Yes

131

23

108

 < 0.001*

50

12

38

 < 0.001*

0.247

 No

112

89

23

56

47

9

O-RADS

 2

9

9

0

 < 0.001*

4

4

0

 < 0.001*

0.578

 3

39

39

0

16

16

0

 4

105

59

46

52

36

16

 5

90

5

85

34

3

31

Maximum diameter of the lesion (mm), median (IQR)

9.1 (6.2–12.3)

7.8 (5.1–11.1)

10.4 (6.8–13)

 < 0.001*

8.6 (5–12.2)

7.9 (4.4–11.8)

8.6 (5.1–12.3)

 < 0.001*

0.478

Maximum diameter of the largest solid component (mm), median (IQR)

3.8 (1.1–6.7)

1.4 (0–4.3)

5.0 (3.1–8.5)

 < 0.001*

3.2 (1.3–5.4)

2.1 (0–3.6)

3.3 (1.3–5.4)

 < 0.001*

0.167

Lesion category

 Multilocular cyst, no solid component

53

49

4

 < 0.001*

23

22

1

 < 0.001*

0.728

 Unilocular cyst with solid component

48

12

36

25

6

19

 Multilocular cyst with solid component

60

8

52

21

7

14

 Solid

82

43

39

37

24

13

Color score

 1

48

44

4

 < 0.001*

26

23

3

 < 0.001*

0.126

 2

115

65

51

50

30

20

 3

48

2

46

25

6

19

 4

32

2

30

5

0

5

Irregular internal wall

102

18

84

 < 0.001*

50

17

33

 < 0.001*

0.368

Irregular external contour

38

4

34

 < 0.001*

11

1

10

0.003*

0.193

> 3 papillary projections

33

1

32

 < 0.001*

7

1

6

0.059

0.060

Papillary projection with color Doppler flow

58

8

50

 < 0.001*

18

4

14

0.002*

0.152

Acoustic shadowing

33

31

2

 < 0.001*

24

23

1

 < 0.001*

0.057

Ascites

28

2

26

 < 0.001*

13

1

12

 < 0.001*

0.843