Table 1 Three types of m6A modification regulators and their primary biological functions
Type | Gene symbol | Abbreviation | Function |
|---|---|---|---|
Writers | Methyltransferase-like 3 | METTL3 | Catalyze the formation of the m6A residues |
Methyltransferase-like 14 | METTL14 | Facilitate METTL3 for RNA-binding | |
Methyltransferase-like 16 | METTL16 | Catalyze m6A modification | |
Wilms tumor 1-associated protein | WTAP | Facilitate accumulation of METTL3 and METTL14 to nuclear speckle | |
Vir-like m6A methyltransferase-associated | VIRMA | Recruit the m6A complex and guide it to specific site | |
Zinc finger CCCH-type containing 13 | ZC3H13 | Bridge WTAP to the mRNA-binding component RBM15/RBM15B | |
RNA binding motif protein 15 | RBM15 | Bind target RNAs and recruiting the WMM complex | |
RNA binding motif protein 15B | RBM15B | Bind target RNAs and recruiting the WMM complex | |
Cbl proto-oncogene like 1 | CBLL1 | Associate component of the WMM complex with unknown function | |
Readers | YTH domain containing 1 | YTHDC1 | Bind m6A-containing mRNAs and promotes recruitment of SRSF3 |
YTH domain containing 2 | YTHDC2 | An RNA-induced ATPase with the 3' → 5' RNA helicase activity | |
YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA binding protein 1 | YTHDF1 | Mediate m6A-containing mRNAs targets degradation | |
YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA binding protein 2 | YTHDF2 | Regulate mRNA stability | |
YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA binding protein 3 | YTHDF3 | Promote protein synthesis and affect methylated mRNA decay | |
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C | HNRNPC | Responsible for pre-mRNA processing | |
Fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1 | FMR1 | Regulate mRNA splicing, stability, dendritic transport and postsynaptic local protein synthesis | |
Leucine rich pentatricopeptide repeat containing | LRPPRC | Regulate RNA metabolism in both nuclei and mitochondria | |
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 | HNRNPA2B1 | Promote pri-miRNAs processing | |
Insulin like growth factor binding protein 1/2/3 | IGFBP1/2/3 | Inhibit IGF-mediated growth and developmental rates | |
RNA binding motif protein X-linked | RBMX | Regulate gene transcription and pre-mRNAs splicing | |
ELAV like RNA binding protein 1 | ELAVL1 | Improve mRNA stability | |
Insulin like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 1 | IGF2BP1 | Improve mRNA stability | |
Erasers | Fat mass and obesity-associated protein | FTO | Catalyze the demethylation of m6A |
AlkB homolog 5 | ALKBH5 | Demethylate m6A RNA by oxidative demethylation |