Fig. 6

A The impact of VNE on apoptotic and pro-inflammatory changes in mRNA expression activity was investigated in LTZ-induced PCOS rats. The genes TNF-α, p53, BAX and Bcl-2 were assessed using PCR analysis, with GAPDH serving as the reference gene. This study aimed to examine the effects of VNE on the expression level of these mRNA associated with apoptosis and inflammation in the PCOS model induced by LTZ. B The impact of VNE on apoptotic and pro-inflammatory changes in mRNA expression activity was investigated in LTZ-induced PCOS rats. The genes TNF-α, p53, BAX and Bcl-2 were assessed using Real time PCR analysis, with GAPDH serving as the reference gene. Data presented as the Mean ± S.E.M. (n  = 3), evaluated by ANOVA followed by the post hoc Tukey’s test. * P  < 0.05, ** P  < 0.01, *** P  < 0.001 vs. control; # P  < 0.05, ## P  < 0.01, ### P  < 0.001 vs. LTZ group