Table 2 Mental health parameters and metabolic profiles at baseline and after the 12-week intervention in women with polycystic ovary syndrome that received either vitamin D plus probiotic supplements or placebo
Variables | Placebo group (n = 30) | Vitamin D plus probiotic group (n = 30) | Difference in outcome measures between vitamin D plus probiotic and placebo groups1 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | Week 12 | Baseline | Week 12 | β (95% CI) | P2 | |
25-hydroxyvitamin D (ng/mL) | 12.9 ± 3.2 | 13.3 ± 2.7 | 11.1 ± 4.1 | 24.4 ± 5.6 | 12.69 (11.09, 14.29) | < 0.001 |
BDI total scores | 13.8 ± 3.6 | 13.2 ± 3.7 | 12.9 ± 4.1 | 11.9 ± 3.4 | −0.58 (−1.15, − 0.02) | 0.04 |
GHQ scores | 42.7 ± 9.1 | 41.9 ± 8.9 | 40.4 ± 6.7 | 38.7 ± 6.8 | −0.93 (−1.78, − 0.08) | 0.03 |
DASS scores | 82.5 ± 11.8 | 80.8 ± 12.4 | 81.5 ± 12.2 | 78.9 ± 12.3 | −0.90 (−1.67, − 0.13) | 0.02 |
PSQI | 7.5 ± 2.8 | 6.5 ± 3.0 | 7.8 ± 2.7 | 5.8 ± 2.1 | −0.73 (−2.11,-0.63) | 0.28 |
Total testosterone (ng/mL) | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 0.9 ± 0.2 | −0.19 (− 0.28, − 0.10) | < 0.001 |
SHBG (nmol/L) | 40.2 ± 5.0 | 40.3 ± 5.3 | 38.4 ± 5.9 | 39.6 ± 5.7 | 0.92 (−0.45, 2.31) | 0.18 |
mF-G scores | 13.9 ± 3.0 | 13.6 ± 3.0 | 14.98 ± 3.2 | 13.5 ± 3.3 | −0.95 (−1.39, − 0.51) | < 0.001 |
hs-CRP (mg/L) | 3.7 ± 1.0 | 3.8 ± 1.3 | 3.8 ± 1.1 | 3.2 ± 0.8 | −0.67 (− 0.97, − 0.38) | < 0.001 |
NO (μmol/L) | 33.3 ± 4.9 | 32.3 ± 5.5 | 34.2 ± 1.0 | 33.6 ± 0.8 | 0.37 (−0.48, 1.23) | 0.38 |
TAC (mmol/L) | 835.1 ± 101.7 | 830.9 ± 93.8 | 850.5 ± 82.7 | 919.2 ± 85.4 | 82.81 (42.86, 122.75) | < 0.001 |
GSH (μmol/L) | 475.8 ± 71.7 | 491.7 ± 81.0 | 510.4 ± 99.3 | 556.5 ± 97.2 | 40.42 (4.69, 76.15) | 0.02 |
MDA (μmol/L) | 2.7 ± 0.5 | 2.6 ± 0.5 | 2.9 ± 0.3 | 2.5 ± 0.2 | −0.25 (−0.40, −0.10) | 0.001 |